Table 1: Types of cough preparations, it’s mechanism of action and
examples available in Malaysia.
Types
|
Active ingredients
|
Mechanism of Action
|
Examples
|
Antitussives
|
Centrally acting:
Dextmetorphan
|
A non-opioid antitussive that increases cough threshold by
its activity on the medulla oblongata.
Specifically decreases the sensitivity of cough receptors
& interrupts cough impulse transmission by depressing the medullary cough
center through sigma receptor stimulation
|
Tussidex® Forte Linctus,
Pabron Cough,
Sedilix-DM
|
Centrally acting:
Codeine
|
Antitussive agent that controls cough by depressing
medullary cough center.
|
Duro-Tuss®Forte
|
|
Peripherally acting:
Benzonatate
|
Tetracaine congener with antitussive properties;
suppresses cough by topical anesthetic action on the respiratory stretch
receptors.
|
-
|
|
Expectorant
|
Peripherally
acting:
Guaifenasin
|
May act as an expectorant by irritating the gastric mucosa
& stimulating respiratory tract secretions, thereby increasing
respiratory fluid volumes & decreasing phlegm viscosity.
|
Mucinex
|
Antihistamine/anticholinergic
|
Diphenhydramine
|
H1-receptor antagonist to help alleviate symptoms
associated with cough
|
Benadryl,
Uphadyl Forte
|
Demulcents
|
Sucrose & glycerol
|
Suppresses cough by forming protective layer over the pharynx.
|
Honey, Glycerin, Medicated linctus.
|
Mucolytics
|
Bromhexine, Acetylcysteine
|
Dissolves thick mucous
|
Mucolator (Acetylcysteine)
|
Others
|
Lysozyme HCL
|
Anti inflammation properties & degrades pus and sputum
to expectorate easily.
|
Leftose Tablets
|
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