- Accelerated schedule (Day 0, 7, 21) vs standard schedule (Week 0, 4, 24)
- A study done in HIV infected patients,showed that at week 28,overall response(anti-HB titre>10 IU/L) was 50% (standard arm) vs 39% (accelerated arm). Overall response difference= 11.3% (95% CI (4.3-18.3%)). Overall, standard arm has higher seroconversion rates than accelerated arm.
- Response varies according to CD4 cell counts. For 200-500 cells/microL, response difference was 20.8%( 10.9-30.7). For >500cells/microL, response difference was -1.8% (13.4-9.7)
- Accelerated schedule may not be as effective as standard schedule for CD4 count <500 cells/microL. Efficacy of accelerated schedule showed to be not inferior to standard schedule for CD4 count >500 cells/microL
- Hepatitis B vaccines for Australians, NCIRS Fact sheet: July 2015
- An accelerated schedule is only recommended for persons with imminent risk of exposure when there is limited time for completion of vaccination course before traveling to high risk areas.
- Anti HBs antibody levels are substantially lower after 3-accelerated dose schedule, hence a 4th dose should be administered at 12 months to provide long term protection.
- Accelerated schedule may be useful for patients who are unlikely to complete their initial series. Accelerated schedule improves adherence (Up-to-date)
- An approved accelerated vaccination schedule (Days 0,7 and 21-30 and booster at 12 months to promote long-term immunity) can be used for people traveling on short notice who face imminent exposure or for emergency responders to disaster areas (CDC)
Recommendations:
- Refer to specific product leaflet for their approved use for accelerated schedule.
- Currently, the accelerated schedule is approved for Engerix and Twinrix and is only recommended in special situations i.e. for those who are traveling to highly endemic areas with limited time to departure.
- Lacking of evidence to support the use of accelerated schedule for other brands as each brand has different formulations (not interchangeable)
- Generally, for other brands of Hep B vaccine we would recommend the standard regimen unless deemed appropriate based on professional judgment.
- Available Hep B vaccine in HKGU is Euvax-B peads and adults.
References:
- Randomised controlled study of accelerated vs standard Hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-positive patients. J Infect Dis. 2011 Apr 1;203(7):984-91
- NCIRS Fact sheet: July 2015
- Up-To-Date
- http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/hepatitis-b
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