Migraine prophylaxis:
First line agents
1. Beta-blockers (Metoprolol, propanolol, timolol)
2. Antidepressant (Amitriptyline, venlafaxine)
3. Anticonvulsant (Valproate, topiramate)
Alternative agents
1. CCBs (Verapamil, flunarizine)
Drug
|
Dosing
|
Remarks
| |
Beta blockers
|
Propanolol
|
80mg/day in 3 or 4 divided doses,
increase by 20-40mg/dose every 3-4 weeks.
Max 160-240mg/day in 3 or 4 divided doses
|
Proven benefit
Beta blockers not recommended
for smokers and age >60
Take several weeks to see improvement
|
Metoprolol
|
50-200mg/day in 2 divided doses
| ||
Timolol
|
10mg BD, increase to max 30mg/day.
|
Not generally used for migraine
prevention
| |
Antidepressant
|
Amitriptyline
|
10-25mg at bedtime,
increase at weekly increments of
10-25mg daily up to 150mg/day.
|
Proven benefit
|
Venlafaxine
|
Starting at 37.5mg OD ,
usual dose 75-150mg OD
|
Weak evidence
| |
Anticonvulsant
|
Topiramate
|
25mg ON, increase weekly by 25mg/day
up to 100mg/day in 2 divided doses
|
Proven benefit
|
Valproate
|
250mg BD, adjusted based on patient response
up to 1g/day.
|
Teratogenic, not recommended
in women of child bearing age.
| |
CCBs
|
Verapamil
|
120mg in 3 divided doses, 120-240/day
|
Widely used but less effective
|
Flunarizine
|
5-10mg/day
|
Availability
T. Propanolol 10mg, 40mg
T. Metoprolol 100mg
T. Amitriptyline 25mg
T. Sodium Valproate 200mg
C. Flunarizine 5mg
T. Verapamil 40mg
Migraine treatment:
Pharmacological options:
1. Analgesics (Paracetamol, NSAIDS)- PO, Suppository (when patient can’t tolerate PO)
2.Triptans- avoid in hemiplefic, basilar and opthalmoplegic migraine, ischaemic heart disease
3. Ergotamine- not recommended for treatment of acute migraine, uncertain efficacy
and serious side effects
Stepwise approach:
1. Analgesics
2. Triptans
3. Combination of NSAID + triptans
with or without antiemetics (prochlorperazine or metochlopramide) at any step
Drug
|
Dose
|
Instruction
|
Sumatriptan
|
PO 50mg (some may require 100mg).
Max 200mg in 24 hours.
|
Dose may be repeated after at least 2 hours if migraine recurs.
Do not take the second dose for the same attack if there is no
response to first dose.
Avoid using for more than 2 days per week
|
Availability
T. Sumatriptan 50mg
References:
1. Up-To-Date
2. Lexicomp
3. The role of triptans in the treatment of migraine in adults
http://www.bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2014/July/docs/BPJ62-triptans.pdf
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