Drugs
|
Haematologic reactions
|
Isoniazid
|
Agranulocytosis, anemia(sideroblastic, hemolytic or aplastic),
eosinophilia, lymphadenopathhy, thrombocytopenia (0.08%)
|
Rifampicin
|
Agranulocytosis (rare), DIC, eosinophilia. Haemoglobin decreased,
hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
(especially with high-dose therapy)
|
Ethambutol
|
Eosinophilia, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy,
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
|
Pyrazinamide
|
<1% sideroblastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia
|
- Haematological reactions are rare (generally less than 1%) with all anti-tuberculosis agents. There is limited evidence on relative likelihood-ness of each anti-tuberculosis agent causing haematological reactions.
- Rule of other factors that may affect blood cell count such as patient’s underlying conditions and any concomitant drugs
- Several case reports suggest rifampicin are more likely to cause thrombocytopenia followed by isoniazid and pyrazinamide which are extremely rare but these data are not conclusive.
- Thrombocytopenia caused by anti-tuberculosis agents can occur within the first few days of starting treatment (fast onset)
- If anti-tuberculosis drugs are highly suspected whereby platelet counts decreased drastically over a short period of time, discontinue anti-tuberculosis treatment. Start treatment once platelet count returns to normal and reintroduce anti-tuberculosis agent one-by-one every 2-3 days starting from the least likely agent (i.e ethambutol) to cause the reaction. If reaction recurs at any point, stop the last agent added.
References:
- Lexicomp
- Drugs.com
- A case of thrombocytopenia caused by rifampicin and pyrazinamide.Bansal, Rekha ; Sharma, Parveen K ; Sharma, Aradhna. Indian journal of pharmacology, 2013, Vol.45(4), pp.405-7 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
- Isoniazid- and rifampicininduced thrombocytopeina. Yakar, Fatih ; Yildiz, Namşan ; Yakar, Aysun ; Kılıçaslan, Zeki. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 2013, Vol.8(1), pp.13 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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